The "Missing" Israeli Championships

Checking my trusty old Chessbase 9 database, I have discovered that, for some strange reason, some of the Israeli championships are missing. I do not know what the reason is -- perhaps lack of easily available English-language sources on certain championships?

One "missing" championship is the 1975/76 championship. Thanks to Eliyahu Fasher's archives, found in Yad Tabenkin, which include the complete run of the tournament's bulletins, I have all the games of this 16-player round robin (15 rounds). While the average ELO was not particularly high, as seen in the players' list above (source: bulletin no. 1, 13.5.1976), there were, as usual, some interesting games. I am putting the games in Chessbase database form (though this might take some time) and hope to find some lost gems thanks to my... er, I mean, Deep Fritz 8's chess insight.

The winner of the tournament was Nathan Birnboim, seen in the photo below (source: Shachmat, vol. 15 No. 6-7 [June-July 1976], cover page), in play with Itzchak Radashkovich. As usual, for consistency's sake, I use Jeremy Gaige's transliteration from Chess Personalia: A Biobibliography, even if it disagrees slightly with rendition in the sources I am giving in the photographs.

Chess in the Kibbutz and the IDF

Photo credit: see below.

In the above article, Natan Jungreisz (Geremy Gaige's English transliteration), speaks of 30 years (1955-1985) of the 'inter-kibutz' (sic) tournament. I am not sure what the source of the article is, as I found it as a cutout in Eliyahu Fasher's archives.

Every year, each of the three streams (political movements) within the kibbutz movement would send a team, and all three teams would meet in a tournament held in a 'neutral' location -- Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, the IDF -- with the hosts adding a fourth team. Jungreisz, who managed the tournament for these 30 years, mentions inter alia:

1). When he took over the new tournament, the entire kibbutz movement had only 4 or 5 rated players (!) and now (1985) there are over 1000.

2). Moshe Czerniak was contacted to help promote chess in the kibbutz, had visited 60 different kibbutzim within a year, giving a simultaneous display here, a lecture there, a 'best move competition' in the third place, etc. This means, practically, a weekly visit to a remote location -- no mean feat for a middle-aged man in 1950s Israel.

3). In the 1985 tournament, this time with the host team (as in the first, 1955 tournament) being the IDF, the army chief of the general staff (at the time, Moshe Levi) came late ('he has more pressing commitments', notes Jungreisz) but gave a speech praising the connection 'between the IDF and the kibbutz movement, as well as that between the IDF and chess, which allows the soldier to acquire many good and important qualities'.

Was there ever another chess tournament (in any country) when the chief of the general staff of a country's armed forces was present and gave a speech praising chess?

Chess on the Front Page

Photo Credit: Al Ha'Mishmar, Oct. 19, 1959, p. 1

Chess was always popular in Israel. But one wonders if, today, chess will make it to the front page of the newspaper, as it did in the 1950s. Perhaps it would happen for some extraordinary event, but probably not for a run-of-the-mill report.

In the above front page article, we have a report of the fourth round of the Israeli chess championship. The highlight (and headline) was that a strong amateur, Dan Amir (rated, the article says, an 'Aleph player with two pluses' -- equivalent in strength to a strong expert, more or less) drew with Erno Gereben, an IM. The photo shows Gereben in play with Itzchak Aloni in another game from the same tournament.

This made the front on the same day that, as other front-page articles on the same page show, the USSR declared their space probe had orbited and photographed the far side of the moon for the first time, and that, locally, it was decided the defendants responsible for the Kassam village massacre would be put on trial.

One wonders if today the chess tournament as a whole would even be mentioned anywhere apart from the chess column, let alone any of its rounds given the front page with a photograph, to boot.

P.S.

Again sorry for the wonky font size -- blogger is acting up again...

Clocks

Photo credit: the author, found on e-bay.


Advertisement from 64 Mishbatzot [64 Squares], No. 3 [April 1956], p. 61.

What was the first chess clock made in Israel? Two suggestions. Top, we have a photo (found on e-bay) of an Israeli chess clock, from the 1950s. Note the unusual placement of the clock's buttons on the side, instead of the top, of the clock. This makes it harder to bang them with pieces in blitz, and, more seriously, harder to see from afar whose turn it is to move. More details about this clock would be welcome.

Below, we have an advertisement for 'Chess Clocks Made in Israel', by H. & J. Benjamin, 'Clocks & Watches Manufacture & Export', Jaffa Road 167, Jerusalem. Their P. O. Box, by the way, is 639, and their telephone number, 62-069 -- which gives one a good idea of the size of the city of Jerusalem in those days. This clock seems to have a more standard design. Again, more information about them -- as well as actual clocks -- would be welcome.

In Memorium: Shaul Hon, 1921-2009

The Israel chess world has lost one of its oldest and most active members -- Shaul Hon. As the obituary in the Israeli Chess Association's bulletin (Aug. 2009, p. 38) notes, he was a true polymath -- earning a degrees from the Hebrew University in nine (!) different fields, including inter alia biblical studies, art history, linguistics, and law. The obituary adds that he was Ma'ariv's (Israel's largest, or second-largest, newspaper) resident reporter for chess, law, and archeology -- surely a unique combination.

Hon's author's page on an Israeli used-book internet 'clearing house' lists fifteen different books (not counting "doubles") of which eleven are chess books. This is without taking into account his hundreds of articles, columns, investigative reports, etc. on various subjects, from literature and law to art history and chess.

Hon was the only (so far as I know) Israeli reporter that covered live the 1972 Fischer - Spassky world championship match. As he related in his book, Ha'Krav al ha'Keter [The Fight for the Crown] (Tel Aviv: Ma'ariv Library Press, 1972), he was the first reporter in the world to officially break the story that Fischer is going to forfeit the second game on time -- half an hour before all other reporters. As Hon explains, after Fischer was 30 minutes late, he realized Fischer might like to be late 5 or 10 minutes, but certainly not half an hour, and that therefore he will not show up.

Hon was a bit of a fanatic for correct Hebrew -- unsurprising, considering he was inter alia a student of Naftali Hertz Tur-Sinai (nee Turtschiner), the head from the 1930s to 50s of the Academy of the Hebrew language, an institute whose raison d'etre is to find Hebrew words to replace foreign ones. (Tur-Sinai, by the way, was satirized by the humorist Efraim Kishon in the 1950s in the character of 'Elihav bar-Ahisemech, the living soul of the Hebrew language'.)

Tur-Sinai, Hon related in a 1964 article, sent him to 'purify our chess terms from foreign expressions that unfortunately still appear in our midst.' (Hon, Shaul. Minuach Ivri be’Shachmat [Hebrew Terminology in Chess]. Shachmat, 2nd year, no. 8 (March 1964), pp. 3-4.) Hon suggests, e.g., that since a pawn in Hebrew is a hayal (lit. 'soldier'), one should not talk of kelim kalim and kelim kvedim ('light pieces' and 'heavy pieces', from the English) but rather of ktzinim zutarim and ktzinim bechirim (junior and senior officers). The international term 'Zugzwang' should be replaced with the Hebrew kfai ('to be forced to act', from the verb kefot, 'to force someone to act'.) Naturally, kfai must not be confused with kfat -- 'to be completely tied up' -- Hon's translation of the German (and Hebrew chess jargon) Patt, or stalemate.

It is not surprising these suggestions did not succeed, since players are not likely to change common terms just to preserve perfect logical consistency in their jargon. However, some suggestions were accepted: for example, to replace gilgul (lit. 'reincarnation') with hachtara (lit. 'coronation') as the Hebrew term for 'promotion'. Most players seem to intuitively think of the promoted pawn itself (or, as in Through the Looking Glass, herself) as rising in rank, usually to royalty, not as "dying" and being "reincarnated" as a piece -- despite the fact that the pawn is in fact removed form the board and another piece (usually the queen) put in its place.

May he rest in peace.

(Photo above: cover of Ha'Krav al ha'Keter, Hon's 1972 book about the Fischer-Spassky match.)

Mistakes

From Eliyahu Fasher's personal archives, a quote in a letter to him. The letter, from 1967, is a note by chess problemist A complaining to Fasher about chess columnist B:

About Mr. B's "pseudo-apology" in his latest column, claiming that 'to make no mistakes is the same as to not do anything', one can reply, 'make lots of mistakes -- that means you did a lot'.

This excuse is still commonly used, and the reply is still apt.

God Knows what the Mailman Made of it

A postcard from a fellow-problemist to Eliyahu Fasher, 1967. Image credit: Yad Tabenkin institute, Eliyahu Fasher's archives.

Chess jargon -- and problemist's jargon in particular -- is notoriously odd-looking for the non-initiated. Hans Ree notes in his article 'Sic' (The Human Comedy of Chess: A Grandmaster's Chronicles, 1999, pp. 284-285 [Milford: Russell Enterprises]):

"Do you people really talk about 'problem composers'?" my interlocutor asked with amazement. "Certainly, that is the usual term," I said. She was silent for a moment, and then she smiled and said: "That is the term I have always been looking for, for my husband."

Here we have another example. 'You asked without [picture of black knight], so without [picture of red rook] f6'. What are those weird pictures? And what is f6 -- in Hebrew, written like 'and 6' ? 'And 6' what? No doubt some code. What's more, the letter says that in the previous form there were 'four threats', but now the writer is only giving 'two threats'.

A threatening letter in code. Who sends something like that in a postcard, anyway, which anybody can read? Should I, the mailman, report it to the police?

P.S.

I apologize for the wonky formatting in the last two posts -- blogger's formatting is acting up again.

A Good Reason for Speeding

Photo Credit: Yad Tabenkin institution, Eliyahu Fascher's archives.

A 'happy new year' note from the Friedman family to Eliyahu Fasher:

Printed, top two rows: 'Where? Where are you hurrying?'
Added in Friedman's handwriting: 'Even in time pressure?'

Andrew McMillan's Investigation of the Alekhine "Checka" Arrest Affair

Alexander Alekhine. My Best Games of Chess 1908-1923 (London: G. Bell & Sons, 1927). Photo credit: Edward Winter's Chess Notes #4310.

One of the well-known stories about Alekhine is that he was nearly shot by Odessa's secret police in 1919, only to be saved by Yakov Vilner's intervention with the Ukrainian chief commisar, Kristian Rakovsky, due to recognition of his chess genius. Vilner worked in the Odessa military tribunal at the time, and told Fedor Bohatrichuk this story in great detail, which Bohatrichuk quotes in his writing (in pages 51-52 of his book Moi' zhiznennyi' put' k Vlasovu i Prazhskomu manifestu [My Life's Path to Vlasov and the Prague Manifesto], Globus Publishing House, San-Francisco, 1978.) Andrew McMillan generously sent me both Bohatirchuk's original Russian writing and a translation into English.

Different versions of the story exist, apart from the one above. Andrew McMillan also informed me (my additions in brackets for clarification):

In his [Russian-language] well-researched book on Alekhine, [Alexander Alekhine, 1992, Moscow] Shaburov states that the story of Alekhine being arrested by the Odessa Cheka in April 1919 and rescued due to his chess reputation first appeared in CHESS magazine in its Dec. 1937 issue. In that story Trotsky himself is involved. Shaburov established from a number of sources that Trotsky was not in Odessa during this period. Shaburov then mentions the version of this story in Müller and Pawelczak's book about Alekhine . Shaburov also briefly gives Bohatirchuk' version that Vilner told him that he saved Alekhine by getting Rakovsky to intervene. Shaburov acknowledges a different version...

that Agriculture Commissar Dmitry Manuilsky was the one who intervened.

A summary of both Bohatrichuk's 'Rakovsky' version and of the 'Manuilsky' version can be found online, e.g., at this link. McMillan notes that Shaburov's research is thorough and his email is merely a brief summary, and also that -- unsurprisingly -- Shaburov found little original documentary evidence. Shaburov (says McMillan) further notes in his book that a similar story was told about Ossip Bernstein in Edward Lasker's obituary of him in the April 1963 Chess Review, pp. 104-105 (which McMillan also scanned and sent to me) and elsewhere. Shaburov, notes McMillan, speculates that since Bernstein and Alekhine were both in Odessa at the time, somehow what happened to Bernstein was told of Alekhine.

However, it seems to me the opposite is more likely. Bohatirchuk's recollection of his conversation with Vilner is full of specific details (in his original writing, if not in the summary posted here and in the link above) -- names, dates, etc. -- while Lasker's claim about Bernstein's has very few verifiable details, and tries to "make up" for lack of verifiable evidence with a dramatic story.



Lasker does not mention who saved Alekhine's life, but only that it was 'a superior officer' who overruled the execution order of 'one of those sadistic minor officials'. It has the chess master prove his identity by playing a game (literally for his life) with the officer, 'winning in short order'. In Lakser's version, the master was not only under sentence of death, but already lined up against the wall in front of a firing squad (!), together with many others, when the 'superior officer' discovered his identity -- and those others' lives were also saved by the master when his identity was confirmed by winning the chess game with the officer. Finally, Bohatirchuk unquestionably was in revolutionary Russia (or the Ukraine) at the time of this alleged incident, while Lasker, of course, was not.

Is it not more likely, on literary grounds at least, that if anybody was in fact arrested and threatened with execution, it was Alekhine, and that story 'grew with the telling' and was transferred to Bernstein?

Above all, there is Alekhine's own cryptic handwritten note, forwarded to me by McMillan, confirming that he was in fact imprisoned -- and released -- by the Checka (or Tsche-Ka). As McMillan notes:

So far all I can send you from these is the unpublished handwritten note Alekhine included in the original manuscript of his book Das Schachleben in Sowjet-Rußland Berlin 1921. It confirms that he was imprisoned by the Odessa Cheka but does not provide information about the reason of his imprisonment or release. Buschke reproduced the note in the Sunday, August 5th, 1951 issue of Chess Life, page 3.

The note -- in German, translated by Buschke into English -- is reproduced below: